Framework Journal · one stock, one dated entry

Recorded 2026-07-27 · Permanent

BAE Systems plc logoBAE Systems plc BAESY

Outside both standards

An entry written while the outcome is still unknown. It will be scored by what the market does next, and it will never be edited to look cleverer than it was.

In plain words · BAE Systems plc provides defense, aerospace, and security solutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, Australia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Europe, and internationally.

The label
Markup

read at $106.77

BAE Systems plc holds its Markup at $106.77.

PHINPOOPSC
  • PHPhase · the trend structure carries the Markup label
  • INInsiders · no filings inside 60 days, left as found
  • POPositioning · no disclosures inside 60 days, left as found
  • OPOptions · no verdict drawn today, left as found
  • SCScreen · does not pass the values gate
  • edge confirmed
  • edge broken
  • edge forming

Each arm is one independent read. Conviction is not a single call, it is how many edges converge.

The investor read · the season, not the day

As held on the ledger · 2026-07-27
PhaseMarkup
Quantitative stateThe statistical read favours the sellers, held for 292 days
Price$106.77
Valuation29.33 trailing · 20.35 forward price to earnings
Values screenFAIL · score 30.0
Beta-0.07

The opportunity · what the numbers say it is worth

Read at
$106.77
29.33 P/E · 20.35 fwd
Our fair value
$120.35
13% discount
Analyst target (avg)
$135.77
+27% to current
Target low $131.53Analyst target rangeTarget high $140.00
▲ current $106.77 · | average target

Price history & projections · where it has been, where the models see it going

$149$83$18TODAY5y agoPROJECTIONAnalyst high$140.00 +35%Analyst avg$135.77 +31%Our fair value$120.35 +16%Conservative$118.38 +14%

The valuation journey · where the price sits against fair value and the Street

Current
$106.77
you are here
Conservative
$118.38
+11%
Analyst avg
$135.77
+27%
Our fair value
$120.35
+13%
Analyst high
$140.00
+31%

Green marks levels above today's price, red below; the shaded band is the gap between the price and our fair value.

Reading the gap · Both our model and the analysts see meaningful upside from here.

Revenue growth6.70%
Profit margin7.28%
Debt to equity76.73
Analyst consensusStrong Buy · 2 covering

Fair value and rating are our own model estimates; target range reflects third-party analyst estimates. Analysis, not advice.

The values screen, explained · five checks, plain English

This company is excluded by both standards. There are two widely recognised ways to check whether a company is suitable for a Muslim investor. It fails on both:

The common standard · AAOIFI
Used by most halal investing apps
✗ DOES NOT PASS
Our stricter standard · asset-based
The one Titan applies
✗ DOES NOT PASS

Why it fails. The problem is its business activity. Because both standards agree on this, it is a clear exclusion, not a borderline case.

What these two standards are, and how they differ →

  • Business activity Prohibited sector: defense Fail
  • Debt load Interest-bearing debt is just 0.0% of its assets, well under the one-third ceiling — it does not run on borrowed money. Pass
  • Interest-bearing cash Cash held in interest-bearing accounts and securities is 0.0% of assets, under the one-third limit. Pass
  • Receivables Money owed to the company is 0.0% of assets, under the 49% limit. Pass
  • Revenue purity Only 0.0% of revenue comes from non-compliant sources — under the 5% line. Pass

Every security is read against two recognised standards: our stricter asset-based screen (ratios measured against total assets) and the more widely used market-value standard (measured against market capitalisation). Where they agree we say so plainly; where they part ways — almost always on the debt check — we show both readings and mark it, because that disagreement is the finding, not a fault. We report the score; you and your scholar make the call.

The business, in plain words · what the numbers mean

Defense spending meets an ethical hard stop

Governments keep signing bigger cheques for jets and radar, yet the cash never quite reaches the same moral ledger as civilian tech. BAE Systems sits at the centre of that flow, posting 7% revenue growth, a 7% profit margin and 18% ROE while trading on 19.2 times forward earnings. The numbers look steady and the 19% gap to our fair value hints at value, but none of it clears the first gate.

We pass outright. The ethical screen flags core business activity in weapons and defence platforms, and that single failure overrides every multiple and growth line. Moderate moat or not, two analysts and a $136 median target cannot shift the line we draw.

The real exposure sits in long contract cycles and shifting government budgets that can flatten earnings without warning. Currency moves across its US, UK and Middle East footprint add another layer that rarely appears in the headline margin. Analysis, not advice.

The fundamentals · plain-English read
Forward P/E20.4x
expensive even after accounting for its growth
Trailing P/E29.3x
a premium valuation
Revenue growth6.7%
slow but positive growth
Profit margin7.3%
thin but positive margins
Return on equity18.1%
a solid return on shareholder capital
Debt to equity0.77
moderate, manageable leverage
Current ratio0.99
below 1 — short-term bills exceed liquid assets
Beta-0.07
barely tracks the market's swings
Market cap$78.2B
Employees111,400

The risks · The things to watch: its business and earnings are exposed to United Kingdom and to currency swings.

Plain-English interpretation of our own screen data. Analysis, not advice.

Latest news · what the market is reading on BAESY

Headlines from third-party outlets, linked for reference — not our reporting, not advice.

Related securities · others in BAESY's space worth a look

Screened names in the same industry · explore each on its own page.

Where & how to trade · wherever in the world you are

BAESY trades on PNK (the company is based in United Kingdom). As a US-listed security it is accessible through almost any international broker offering US markets. New to this, or investing from outside the US? Our guide to accessing global markets covers brokers, currencies and the practical steps.

The trader read · the latest dated commentary

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 1.2% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows good risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it C, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 1% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading neutral. Over the past year the shares are up 5%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 25%. The street (2 analysts) rates it none, with a mean price target of $136. Entered 2026-07-22 · Distribution

The dated journal · newest first, never edited

2026-07-22 Distribution $100.99 -1.2% Entry 4

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 1.2% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows good risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it C, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 1% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading neutral. Over the past year the shares are up 5%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 25%. The street (2 analysts) rates it none, with a mean price target of $136.

2026-07-18 Distribution $102.22 +0.0% Entry 3

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows good risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it C, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 1% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading neutral. Over the past year the shares are up 5%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 25%. The street (2 analysts) rates it none, with a mean price target of $136.

2026-07-03 Distribution $102.22 +0.0% Entry 2

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows good risk-adjusted returns.

2026-07-02 Distribution $102.22 Entry 1

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows good risk-adjusted returns.

Each entry above was written on its date, before the outcome. A journal you can prune is not a journal.

What holding actually paid · price plus dividends

If $1,000 had been placed · historical, not a promise
PeriodPrice thenPrice returnDivs per share$1,000 becameTotal return
1 month $104.10 -0.3% · $997 -0.3%
2 months $117.88 -12.0% $1.22 $891 -10.9%
3 months $121.97 -14.9% $1.22 $861 -13.9%
6 months $90.34 +14.9% $1.22 $1,162 +16.2%
1 year $98.53 +5.3% $1.94 $1,073 +7.3%
2 years $69.23 +49.9% $3.65 $1,551 +55.1%
3 years $45.18 +129.7% $5.16 $2,411 +141.1%
5 years $26.89 +285.8% $7.80 $4,148 +314.8%

Historical returns from market close data. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

This entry now belongs to the ledger. Whatever BAESY does next, these words stay.

BAE Systems plc · BAESY · Markup · $106.77
Recorded 2026-07-27 · before the outcome · scored mechanically

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