Framework Journal · one stock, one dated entry

Recorded 2025-12-31 · Permanent

SK Innovation 096770.KS

Outside both standards

An entry written while the outcome is still unknown. It will be scored by what the market does next, and it will never be edited to look cleverer than it was.

In plain words · SK Innovation Co., Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, engages in the development, production, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, petrochemical, lubricants, and base oil products.

The label
Markup

read at $106,100.00

SK Innovation holds its Markup at $106,100.00.

PHINPOOPSC
  • PHPhase · the trend structure carries the Markup label
  • INInsiders · no filings inside 60 days, left as found
  • POPositioning · no disclosures inside 60 days, left as found
  • OPOptions · no verdict drawn today, left as found
  • SCScreen · does not pass the values gate
  • edge confirmed
  • edge broken
  • edge forming

Each arm is one independent read. Conviction is not a single call, it is how many edges converge.

The investor read · the season, not the day

As held on the ledger · 2025-12-31
PhaseMarkup
Quantitative stateConsolidating, no directional conviction, held for 1 days
Price$106,100.00
ValuationN/A trailing · 19.37 forward price to earnings
Values screenFAIL · score 70.0
Beta1.41

The opportunity · what the numbers say it is worth

Our framework reads AVOID — it trades at roughly a 32% discount to our $140,000.00 fair value, 15.20% revenue growth.

Read at
$106,100.00
N/A P/E · 19.37 fwd
Our fair value
$140,000.00
32% discount
Analyst target (avg)
$140,000.00
+32% to current
Target low $70,000.00Analyst target rangeTarget high $190,000.00
▲ current $106,100.00 · | average target

Price history & projections · where it has been, where the models see it going

$270,187$162,679$55,171TODAY5y agoPROJECTIONAnalyst high$190,000.00 +83%Analyst avg$140,000.00 +35%Our fair value$140,000.00 +35%Conservative$70,000.00 -32%

The valuation journey · where the price sits against fair value and the Street

Current
$106,100.00
you are here
Conservative
$70,000.00
-34%
Analyst avg
$140,000.00
+32%
Our fair value
$140,000.00
+32%
Analyst high
$190,000.00
+79%

Green marks levels above today's price, red below; the shaded band is the gap between the price and our fair value.

Reading the gap · Both our model and the analysts see meaningful upside from here.

Revenue growth15.20%
Profit margin-2.58%
Debt to equity108.00
Analyst consensusHold · 21 covering

Fair value and rating are our own model estimates; target range reflects third-party analyst estimates. Analysis, not advice.

The values screen, explained · five checks, plain English

This company is excluded by both standards. There are two widely recognised ways to check whether a company is suitable for a Muslim investor. It fails on both:

The common standard · AAOIFI
Used by most halal investing apps
✗ DOES NOT PASS
Our stricter standard · asset-based
The one Titan applies
✗ DOES NOT PASS

Why it fails. The problem is its debt ratio. Because both standards agree on this, it is a clear exclusion, not a borderline case.

What these two standards are, and how they differ →

  • Business activity Its core business isn't built on prohibited lines — no gambling, alcohol, tobacco, weapons, or interest-based lending. Pass
  • Debt load Interest-bearing debt is 39.0% of its assets, above the one-third ceiling the screen allows. Fail
  • Interest-bearing cash Cash held in interest-bearing accounts and securities is 0.3% of assets, under the one-third limit. Pass
  • Receivables Money owed to the company is 21.0% of assets, under the 49% limit. Pass
  • Revenue purity Only 0.5% of revenue comes from non-compliant sources — under the 5% line. Pass

Every security is read against two recognised standards: our stricter asset-based screen (ratios measured against total assets) and the more widely used market-value standard (measured against market capitalisation). Where they agree we say so plainly; where they part ways — almost always on the debt check — we show both readings and mark it, because that disagreement is the finding, not a fault. We report the score; you and your scholar make the call.

The business, in plain words · what the numbers mean

Why it gives us pause

At 19.4x forward earnings, the price already runs ahead of the business. Our fair value sits at $140,000.00, below where it trades today.

The fundamentals · plain-English read
Forward P/E19.4x
priced for continued growth
Revenue growth15.2%
steady growth
Profit margin-2.6%
currently unprofitable
Return on equity-10.5%
not currently earning a positive return on equity
Debt to equity1.08
a meaningful debt load worth watching
Beta1.41
moves a little more than the market
Market cap$17.97T

The risks · The things to watch: it already moves more than the market on an average day; its business and earnings are exposed to South Korea and to currency swings.

Plain-English interpretation of our own screen data. Analysis, not advice.

Where & how to trade · wherever in the world you are

096770.KS trades on KRX (the company is based in South Korea). As a US-listed security it is accessible through almost any international broker offering US markets. New to this, or investing from outside the US? Our guide to accessing global markets covers brokers, currencies and the practical steps.

The trader read · the latest dated commentary

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis. Entered 2026-07-30 · Distribution

The dated journal · newest first, never edited

2026-07-30 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 12

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis.

2026-07-28 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 11

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis.

2026-07-27 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 10

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis.

2026-07-26 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 9

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis.

2026-07-25 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 8

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis.

2026-07-24 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 7

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis.

2026-07-23 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 6

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381. It reported earnings in this window, a natural checkpoint for the thesis.

2026-07-19 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 5

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381.

2026-07-18 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 4

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns. Our composite framework grades it D, carrying a low risk profile. Technically it is holding around 6% above its long-term trend line with momentum reading oversold. Over the past year the shares are up 10%. Our forward projection puts the odds of a 10% gain over the next month near 29%. The street (21 analysts) rates it hold, with a mean price target of $135381.

2026-07-15 Distribution $106,100.00 +0.0% Entry 3

The framework reads distribution. Smart money appears to be selling into strength. Institutional holders may be rotating out. Price has moved down 0.0% since our last review. Ethical screening: FAIL. This security does not pass our values-based screening criteria. The risk-adjusted return profile shows modest positive risk-adjusted returns.

Each entry above was written on its date, before the outcome. A journal you can prune is not a journal.

What holding actually paid · price plus dividends

If $1,000 had been placed · historical, not a promise
PeriodPrice thenPrice returnDivs per share$1,000 becameTotal return
1 month $132,700.00 -21.9% · $782 -21.9%
2 months $122,400.00 -15.3% · $847 -15.3%
3 months $121,700.00 -14.8% · $852 -14.8%
6 months $113,900.00 -9.0% · $910 -9.0%
1 year $94,300.00 +10.0% · $1,100 +10.0%
2 years $99,497.51 +4.2% $2,000.00 $1,062 +6.2%
3 years $192,851.58 -46.2% $2,000.00 $548 -45.2%
5 years $255,358.34 -59.4% $2,000.01 $414 -58.6%

Historical returns from market close data. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

This entry now belongs to the ledger. Whatever 096770.KS does next, these words stay.

SK Innovation · 096770.KS · Markup · $106,100.00
Recorded 2025-12-31 · before the outcome · scored mechanically

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